You can now downgrade T2 BridgeOS with an IPSW file and Apple Configurator 2 (for up to one week after the release of a new macOS update)
You can now downgrade BridgeOS on your T2 Intel Mac (2017-2020) to a previous version with Apple Configurator 2!
Ever since Apple released the very first T2 equipped Mac, some users wished that they had a way to downgrade to the previous version of BridgeOS.
The problem?
Updating BridgeOS on a T2 Mac was a one way street. You could only upgrade not downgrade.
Why would anyone want to downgrade BridgeOS?
Downgrading BridgeOS for troubleshooting & macOS Update workflow testing.
Let’s go over a quick example of why you might want to downgrade BridgeOS. You updated to macOS Big Sur 11.4 from 11.3. After the update, you’ve found that something is not working right. The T2 chip handles many things including, fan speed, battery, power, charging & sound (speakers & microphone). So in this example, maybe you are getting audio cracking noise (has happened in the past). Now you thinking that the new version of bridgeOS might be causing problems on your T2 Mac.
The 2nd example is macOS Update testing. If you are a system administrator in charge of updating a large fleet of Mac testing is very important. Part of that macOS Update process is updating BridgeOS. An example of this is if you upgrade a T2 Mac from 11.3 to 11.4. BridgeOS is updated in the process. Now that this T2 Mac is on the latest version of BridgeOS it normally can not be downgraded. Even if you boot back to recovery and install 11.3, BridgeOS will remain the same updated version. Set this Mac on the shelf because you will never be able to take it through a full update process again until 11.5. Now you want to downgrade to a previous version of BridgeOS so you can single out an issue or test the full update process again.
Apple Configurator took care of all the work in both above examples, downloading the prod/final version of BridgeOS for your hardware.
This is different.
We can now download full BridgeOS IPSW Files directly from Apple the same way we do now with Apple Silicon M1 Macs. We can then use the BridgeOS IPSW File to restore/revive BridgeOS to your T2 Mac. The difference here is that Apple WILL stop signing for previous versions of BridgeOS. The signing process follows iOS and is canceled usually about one week after the release of a new update. Apple leaves ONE previous version signed (for 7 days) so you can now downgrade to that version!
BridgeOS and macOS Version Caveats
The first thing to know about BridgeOS is that it has macOS version requirements. BridgeOS supports the macOS version that’s released alongside it. The BridgeOS version also supports previous versions macOS. Let’s go over an example.
After updating to Big Sur version 11.4, you are now are having issues with your speakers (sound processed through T2 chip). You want to downgrade to the 11.3 compatible version of BridgeOS to see if that fixes the issue. You can now downgrade! The only problem is, the 11.3 version of BridgeOS does NOT support newer versions of macOS. You will need to downgrade to the minimum version of macOS that is supported by the version of BridgeOS that you are trying to downgrade to. You now need to downgrade macOS to version 11.3 to support the previous version of BridgeOS. If you don’t downgrade macOS to a compatible version and attempted to boot your Mac, you would be immediately prompted to update BridgeOS. The Mac would boot into “macOS Update Assistant” and would then download the latest compatible BridgeOS update and install it for you.
After downgrading BridgeOS you will need to reinstall/downgrade 11.3 over the top of 11.4 or erase and install 11.3 again. You will now be running 11.3 and the matching bridgeOS version 18P4556.
BridgeOS Version Compatibility Continued
I built a table to help visualize the current situation.
This table shows how BridgeOS version 18P4556 is compatible with macOS version 11.0.1 – 11.3.1. A forced BridgeOS update will be triggered if macOS 11.4 or newer is installed.
NOTE: Point/dot releases (example 11.3.1) may or may not come with an associated BridgeOS update. Big Sur 11.3.1 is compatible with the 11.3 version of BridgeOS
T2 Mac BridgeOS IPSW
MacOS
Signed
Version
Date
5.4_18P4663_Restore.ipsw
11.4
YES
18.16.14663
5/24
5.3_18P4556_Restore.ipsw
11.3
NO
18.16.14556
4/26
5.2_18P4347_Restore.ipsw
11.2.2
NO
18.16.14347
2/25
5.2_18P4346_Restore.ipsw
11.2
NO
18.16.14346
2/01
5.1_18P3030_Restore.ipsw
11.1
NO
18.16.13030
12/14
5.0.1_18P2561_Restore.ipsw
11.0.1
NO
18.16.12561
11/12
The table above lists the IPSW file version and build number. The next section is the maximum minor release that is compatible.
The BridgeOS Version in the 4th section matches what is listed in System Profiler (System Firmware Version), followed by the release date and size.
You can only downgrade back one previous version. Apple usually supports T-1, current minus one version. Normally when a new version of BridgeOS is released the the previous version of BridgeOS is unsigned after 7 days and cannot be installed.
My T2 Intel Mac BridgeOS Download Database –> LINK
1. Download the version of BridgeOS IPSW file that you want to install
2. Boot the target T2 Mac into DFU Mode
3. Connect both Macs with USB-C white Apple charge cable.
4. Open Apple Configurator 2
5. Drag BridgeOS IPSW File over to DFU icon.
6. You will be prompted to Restore or Revive
7. Restore = Click Restore (erases all data)- downgrade BridgeOS (you can then reinstall macOS from Recovery
8. Revive = Click Revive (etains all data) – downgrades BridgeOS (you will need to install previous compatible version of macOS over the top of the current version)
9. Done! You are now on a previous version of BridgeOS.
This is what it looks like to drag a BridgeOS IPSW file over the DFU icon in Apple Configurator 2.
Dragging BridgeOS IPSW file over to Apple Configurator 2
The Restore/Revive menu after dragging the BridgeOS IPSW file over to Apple Configurator 2.
Restore or Revive menu for BridgeOS
This is what happens when you attempt to restore/revive with an unsigned version of BridgeOS.
The System cannot be restored on this device. The system install could not be authorized for this device. The build may not be approved for production installs.
This is the message that you get when you attempt to install an unsigned version of BridgeOS.
Download Full macOS Beta & Prod versions of Big Sur with one click!
macOS Big Sur Final & Beta Full Installers
This database will contain download links for macOS Big Sur full Installer pkg files (InstallAssistant.pkg). This file is the same full installer that you would download directly from the App Store for Intel and Apple Silicon M1 Mac Computers. The InstallAssistant.pkg is stored on Apple’s servers and contains the full “Install macOS Big Sur.app”. Once downloaded, all you need to do is install the pkg and the full installer of Big Sur will be in your applications folder. This change was made when Apple revised the full installer for Big Sur. The InstallAssistant.pkg is not available for Catalina or Mojave.
If you are looking for macOS Catalina, Mojave, High Sierra, Sierra or El Capitan look here >
NOTE:Depending on the browser you are using, you might need to right click and select “Copy link address”. Past this link into a new tab and it should start to download.
The InstallAssistant.pkg is just a standard package that includes the full macOS Big Sur installer.app. All the pkg does is install/move the app to your applications folder. Let’s take a closer look.
macOS Big Sur 11.2.3 via SUS Inspector
I am using SUS Inspector to view the full installer for macOS Big Sur 11.2.3. You can see the InstallAssistant.pkg file listed. You can also see the direct download path from Apple’s servers. The link does not last forever. For example, the download link for beta full installers only seem to last for a month or so.
Production links last a little longer. For example 11.2.1 is still available but 11.2 is not. This database will be updated when a new full installer is released.
Thank You
Have you sent over version information to me? THANK YOU!
A big thanks to Eric Holtam @eholtam. When I need to verify something in SUS, he always lends a hand!
How to Restore BridgeOS on a 2018+ T2 Mac using Apple Configurator 2. How to Boot your Mac into DFU Mode
With Apple Silicon Macs, you can install macOS just like you can with iOS! I will show you how to boot your Apple Silicon Mac into DFU Mode so you can Restore macOS.
UPDATED 06/04/21
This article will go over how to restore macOS on your new Apple Silicon Mac. Your first line of defense for installing macOS on Apple Silicon should be macOS Recovery. But if for some reason you are having problems with that you can boot your Apple Silicon Mac with a Big Sur USB installer drive. I wrote an article covering all the changes to macOS Recovery here.
Order of that you should follow for reinstalling macOS on Apple Silicon.
1. macOS Recovery – Hold down the power button to enter the Boot Picker Menu (downloads macOS Big Sur over the internet 1-2 hours)
2. System Recovery – (Separate hidden partition – Will boot automatically if macOS Recovery is erased or damaged)
3. macOS Big Sur USB Installer Drive – External boot for macOS Installers is enabled by default on Apple Silicon – (Installs from USB 30-40 Min)
4. Apple Configurator 2 REVIVE option – This option will reinstall macOS Recovery if erased or damaged (retains user data on the hard drive)
5.Apple Configurator 2 RESTORE option – This option will Reinstall macOS Recovery, ERASE your hard drive and reinstall macOS (Fast install! 10 min)
Use macOS Recovery on a Apple Silicon M1Mac
Keep in mind, just like last time, some of the instructions for booting your Apple Silicon Mac are confusing. If you thought booting to DFU mode was a little difficult on T2 Macs… wait until you try on Apple Silicon. For one thing the ports used are the exact opposite of what was used on T2 Macs! Plus the process to get the Mac into DFU mode has changed! That’s why I’m writing this article, to better explain the instructions.
Mr. Macintosh video – how to boot your Apple Silicon Mac into DFU mode + reinstall macOS
Boot your M1 Mac Mini to DFU mode + Reinstall macOS Big Sur with Apple Configurator 2! UPDATED
Mr. Macintosh Deep Dive Tutorial on how to Restore macOS + Boot to DFU mode
Install macOS Big Sur on Multiple Macs using Apple Configurator 2!
Table of Contents
1. Updates
2. List of Apple Silicon Compatible Macs
3. Setup and Cable Requirements before you begin
4. Download Apple Configurator 2 app
5. How to Boot your Apple Silicon Mac into DFU Mode
6. Which Firmware version is your Mac on?
7. Instructions for the M1 13″ MacBook Pro & Air (2020)
8. Instructions for the M1 Mac Mini (2020)
9. Instructions for the M1 24″ iMac (2021)
10. You made it! Apple Configurator 2 Steps
11. Download macOS ISPW file
12. Begin Apple Silicon macOS Revive / Restore
13. Finishing Up
14. Can I Downgrade from an older version of macOS via IPSW Files?
UPDATE 4/13/21 – New DEEP DIVE video on using Apple Configurator 2 to reinstall macOS on multiple M1 Macs.
UPDATE 3/17/21 – I’ve added a new video that shows you how to use Apple configurator 2 to install macOS on multiple M1 Macs.
UPDATE 1/14/21 – Apple has released Apple Configurator 2 Version 2.13.3, be sure to update. I’ve also added a new Apple Silicon Mac Mini M1 Video above.
UPDATE 11/18/20 –Apple has released Apple Configurator 2 Version 2.13.2! Make sure you update. If you are still running 2.13.1 or below you will get an error when you click the restore button.
UPDATE 11/17/20 –Added a new section #6 to explain the problem booting to DFU mode if your Apple Silicon Mac is on it’s factory firmware of 6723.41.11
This is a list of Apple Silicon Macs that this process is compatible with.
1. 2020 M1 13″ MacBook Pro
2. 2020 M1 MacBook Air
3. 2020 M1 Mac Mini
4. 2021 M1 24″ iMac
3. Setup and Cable Requirements before you begin.
You will need to meet the following requirements –
(The Host Mac will do the work and the Target Mac is the Mac you need to Restore)
1. USB-C Mac as the Host Machine.
2. The Host Mac must have at least macOS 10.15.6 and Apple Configurator 2.13.1 or newer installed.
3. Internet access on the Host Mac – “You may need to configure your web proxy or firewall ports to allow all network traffic from Apple”
4. USB-C to USB-C Cable – The white Apple USB-C Charge will work fine. (USB-C Cable MUST Support Power & Data). Apple notes that a Thunderbolt 3 to Thunderbolt 3 cable is not supported but I’ve tested it and it works fine.
5. The Host Mac can have the cable plugged in anywhere.
6. The Target Mac MUST have the USB-C Cable Plugged in to the Left Hand side USB-C port. For Laptops the port closest to the back of the Mac or screen) For the Mac Mini it’s the port closest to the ethernet port. (BOTH LOCATIONS ARE OPPOSITE of the T2 Mac BridgeOS restore locations!)
If you don’t meet all the prerequisites booting to DFU Mode or Upgrading macOS Firmware might fail.
4. Download Apple Configurator 2
Download Apple Configurator 2 app. Version 2.13.1 or higher is required.
If you do not have Apple Configurator 2, you can download it now from the Mac App Store with this link.
5. How to Boot your Apple Silicon Mac into DFU Mode
With all the startup keyboard commands you can issue a Mac, booting into DFU Mode should be pretty simple right?
NOPE! (x2 this time for Apple Silicon!)
You have to follow a very particular sequence to get this to work. I have attempted to find the exact way to get this to work every time. Even then sometimes the system will refuse to Boot into DFU mode.
Apple’s Instructions
You can find Apple’s instructions for booting into DFU mode here.
If these instructions do not work fo you continue below.
Press the power button.
While holding down the power button, at the same time press all three of the following keys for about 10 seconds:
The right Shift key
The left Option key
The left Control key
After 10 seconds, immediately release the three keys but continue to hold down the power button until it appears in Apple Configurator 2.Note: You won’t see any screen activity from the Apple notebook computer.
Apple’s instructions for booting your Apple Silicon MacBook Pro & Air into DFU mode. Image: Apple Inc
6. Which Firmware version is your Mac on?
Did you update your Mac to Big Sur 11.0.1 from 11.0 when it arrived? If you didnt the firmware will be
6723.41.11
To find the firmware version click the Apple icon > About this Mac > System Report.
Look for System Firmware Version.
If you are on Big Sur 11.0 and firmware version 6723.41.11 you will need to boot to the macOS Recovery selection screen first before attempting to boot into DFU mode.
If you updated your Mac to 11.0.1 and are running Firmware Version 6723.50.2 or newer you can follow the normal instructions. You can boot to DFU mode from power off instead of booting to the macOS recovery selection screen first.
7. My Instructions for the M1 13″ MacBook Pro & MacBook Air
It has proven difficult to get an Apple Silicon Mac into DFU mode. You could try Apple’s instructions above multiple times and STILL not get into DFU mode.
Once you have meet all of the pre requisites above, follow the instructions below to should get you into DFU Mode every time.
1. The Target Mac must be OFF to begin.
2.Hold down the Power button,RightShift, Left Control and Left Option keys for 10 Seconds (count 1 one thousand) then let go of every key except for Power . Keep holding down the power button for an additional 8 seconds until you get to 18 seconds total. If you count more than 20 seconds and don’t see the DFU icon, you will have to try the process again.
3. When the Target Mac is booted into DFU mode correctly, the host will show a big DFU icon in Apple Configurator 2.
4. After you see the DFU picture pop up on the AC2 Host Mac you can let go of the Power Button.
macOS recovery screen you can now start the DFU mode keyboard command process
Visual instructions for booting your Apple SIlicon Mac into DFU Mode
8. Instructions for the M1 Mac Mini (2020)
The Mac Mini 2020 instructions are to use the USB-C port is closest to the Ethernet port.
How to boot a M1 Mac Mini 2020 into DFU mode to restore macOS – Image: Apple Inc
1. Disconnect the power cord from the Mac Mini.
2. Plug USB-C/Thunderbolt cable into the USB-C port next to the ethernet port.
3. Plug the other end into the Host Mac.
4. While holding down the power button, connect the Mac Mini to power and continue to hold the power button for about 3-5 seconds
5. You should now see the DFU logo on the Host Mac.
9. Instructions for the M1 2021 24″ iMac
The 24″ M1 iMac (2021) instructions are to use the USB-C port is closest to the magnetic power port. The instructions are the same for both the 2 and 4 port version.
How to boot a M1 iMac 2021 into DFU 2 or 4 port version. Use the USB-C port closest to the magnetic power plug. – Image: Apple Inc
1. Disconnect the magnetic power cord from the iMac.
2. Plug USB-C cable into the USB-C port next to the power port.
3. Plug the other end into the Host Mac.
4. While holding down the power button, connect the iMac magnetic power plug continue to hold the power button for about 3-5 seconds
5. You should now see the DFU logo on the Host Mac.
10. Instructions for the M1 2021 24″ iMac
11. Instructions for the M1 2021 14″ and 16″ MacBook Pro
12. Instructions for the M1 2022 Mac Studio
10. You made it! Apple Configurator 2 Steps
The hard part is now over. Now we can restore macOS on the Target Mac. When you first open Apple Configurator 2 the screen will look like this.
This is what you will see if the Mac is NOT booted to DFU mode.
This is what you will see when the MacBook is connected correctly with your USB-C cable and booted to the recovery selection screen.
Once your Mac is booted to DFU mode, you will see this screen on Apple Configurator 2. You are now ready for the next step.
When you see a big DFU icon when your Mac is properly booted into DFU Mode.
11. Download macOS ISPW file (Optional)
Apple Configurator 2 version 2.13.2 will automatically download needed IPSW file just like it can for iOS. Let’s say that you want to download the IPSW so you can restore multiple times for testing, you can get it from my database below.
Once you’ve downloaded the macOS IPSW file, you are ready for Restore.
12. Begin Apple Silicon macOS Revive / Restore
1. Revive Option
The revive option will ONLY reinstall macOS Recovery. Go to step 2 for Restore.
You are now ready to restore either macOS Recovery with revive by Clicking Actions > Advanced > Revive Device.
Right Click on the DFU icon – Select Advanced > Revive Device
Revive will reinstall macOS Recovery on your Apple Silicon Mac. This option retains user data.
2. Restore Option.
Restore will Reinstall macOS Recovery, ERASE your SSD hard drive and reinstall macOS.
2. Restore option – Reinstall macOS Recovery, ERASE your SSD hard drive and reinstall macOS.
You will now see a warning message. Do you want restore “MacBook Pro” to it’s Factory settings and latest firmware version?
Restore warning you the Restore process will erase your data and reinstall macOS
Click the Restore Button to begin. Step one will download the latest macOS IPSW Firmware file directly from Apple.
You can also drag the macOS IPSW File over to the DFU icon to begin the restore.
macOS Big Sur 11.0.1 IPSW Restore File – Drag this file over to the DFU logo to begin the restore.
After dragging the macOS 11 IPSW File over to the DFU logo you will get this pop up. You can select Restore to erase your drive and reinstall macOS. The process will only take about 15 minutes.
Ready to restore macOS, click Restore to begin.
Reinstalling macOS Big Sur from the IPSW file.
Step 2. Unzipping macOS
Step 2. Unzipping
Step 3. Installing macOS
Step 3. Installing BridgeOS
13. Finishing Up
If you would like to see more information you can click View and see a new activity window.
Apple Configurator 2 Activity window.
The entire process will only take a while. Most of the time is spent downloading the huge 13GB macOS Big Sur IPSW File. This is why it’s nice to keep the IPSW on an external hard drive or something. When you drag the IPSW File over to Apple Configuator 2, the restore will be super quick! Normally it only takes about 10 min!
When complete the Mac will automatically Boot up.
14. Can I Downgrade from an older version of macOS via IPSW Files?
The answer is YES, follow the link below for an explanation.
But only if the IPSW file is still signed by Apple. If Apple stops signing the IPSW file you will need to change the Boot Security to allow this. (Keep in mind Apple has not stopped signing any macOS installers yet, so we will see.)
15. Thanks
Hat tip goes out to macrumors forum user Nrwrit3r for the macOS Recovery menu workaround for older firmware!
NOTE 11/17/20! UNTIL I’M ABLE TO GATHER APPLE SILICON DATA I WILL LEAVE THE T2 BRIDGEOS TROUBLESHOOTING SECTION HERE.
I can’t get my Mac to boot into DFU mode. This is the toughest part of the whole process as I mentioned above. Keep trying the steps I listed above. Sometimes it takes multiple attempts to get his to work.
You can use System Information to see if the USB-C port lists your Mac in DFU Mode.
System Information showing a Mac plugged in booted to DFU Mode.
BridgeOS Restore Error 79- The OS Cannot be restored on this device. The Operation couldn’t be completed. (AMRestoreErrorDomain error 79 – Failed to handle message type StatusMsg) [AMRestoreErrorDomain – 0x4F (79)] – If you get this error it means that the BridgeOS update has failed and is unable to complete. The system will be unable to boot. When powered on the screen will be black. The Mac will have to be brought to an Apple Store for Service.
BridgeOS Restore Error – The OS Cannot be restored on this device. The Operation couldn’t be completed.
BridgeOS Restore Error 10 – The BridgeOS Restore failed! This is most likely because the host Mac was 1 or 2 OS Versions behind the Target Mac. The Host and Target Mac need to be on the same OS Version.
If your Target Mac is on 10.15, then your Host Mac needs to be on 10.15.
The OS Cannot be restored on this device.
The operation couldn’t be completed. (AMRestoreErrorDomain error 10 – Failed to handle message type StatusMsg) [AMRestoreErrorDomain – 0xA (10)]
BridgeOS Restore Error 10 – The Host and Target Mac need to be on the same OS Version.
Host Mac and Target Mac Disconnected during restore. – Error 4005
The OS Cannot be restored on this device.
Gave up waiting for device to transition from RestoreOS state to BootedOS State. [com.apple.MobileDevice.MobileRestore – 0xFA5 (4005)]
BridgeOS Restore Error 0xFA5 (4005)
This error will come up when the restore process has been interrupted.
Or, you might get this using Apple Configurator 2 version 2.12.1, as the process never seems to complete properly. If the Target Mac awakes to the login window the process is complete even though the progress bar is at 100%. After unplugging the USB-C cable you will get the error above.
Apple Configurator 2 Reports RECOVERY instead of DFU Status.
Apple Configurator 2 Reports RECOVERY instead of DFU Status.
If you see RECOVERY this means that BridgeOS is unable to boot and is the default status when you power on the Mac.
Failed BridgeOS Restore due to OS Version Mismatch! The Target Mac is a previous OS i.e 10.14 trying to restore a 10.15 Mac, the update will fail with an Error 10
If the Mac already failed the Upgrade, it could already be in this status. If so, you can attempt a BridgeOS restore.
Configurator could not perform the requested action. Apple Controller devices do not support this action.
This means that you selected Actions > Update, which is not supported. You need to select Actions > Advanced > Revive Device
Apple Configurator 2 BridgeOS Firmware Download Location.
Thanks MrMacintosh Reader Max C for letting me know the location of the BridgeOS Firmware files.
How to Reinstall macOS on your Apple Silicon Mac. – Everything you need to know!!
Apple Silicon M1 Mac Recovery has changed! The interface, options and the way you reinstall macOS is all new. I will show you everything you need to know.
UPDATED 09/25/21
Apple Silicon Macs started to arrive in customers hands on Tuesday November 17th, 2020. One of the first things we need to understand is how to reinstall or factory erase macOS on Apple Silicon. All the old rules that you had to follow with Intel Macs has now changed. I will show you 3 different ways to reinstall macOS Big Sur on a Apple Silicon Mac.
If you are looking for more information on Apple Silicon Macs, I’ve wrote an article going over everything you need to know.
Right off the bat, we need to understand that Mac Internet Recovery on Apple Silicon is DEAD! Finally you don’t have to worry about IR errors and the problems that come with them.
Internet Recovery will still remain for Intel based Macs. For Apple Silicon we now have 4 different ways to reinstall macOS.
1. macOS Recovery = First line of recovery.
2. System Recovery = Hidden partition for when normal macOS recovery is not available.
3. macOS Big Sur USB Installer Drive. = Boot to a createinstallmedia based Big Sur full installer.
4. macOS System Restore via DFU mode + Apple Configurator 2.
Reinstall macOS on Apple Silicon Table of Contents
1. macOS Recovery
2. macOS System Recovery
3. Both macOS Recovery and System Recovery are not available?
4. macOS Big Sur USB Install Drive
5. How to Use Apple Configurator 2 to reinstall macOS on Apple Silicon
6. Apple Silicon Security Policy
7. Apple Silicon Compatible Versions of macOS
8. Can I downgrade macOS on Apple Silicon?
9. Where can I get macOS ISPW Firmware files?
10. Signed? What does that mean?
1. Apple Silicon macOS Recovery
Apple Silicon macOS Recovery is almost exactly the same as it is on Intel Based Macs. One of the major things that has changed is the way that you get into macOS Recovery. Instead of having to remember a bunch of keyboard commands you can now use the power button to get right to the boot picker macOS recovery menu!
Mr. Macintosh video on how to get to the macOS recovery menu on Apple Silicon Macs
Mr. Macintosh How to – Boot to recovery + Erase & Reinstall macOS on your Apple Silicon M1 MacBook Pro & MacBook Air!
https://youtu.be/lBiUSnrYyFM
Mr. Macintosh How to Video – Boot to Recovery + Erase & Reinstall macOS on Apple Silicon Mac Mini M1. I will also show you how to boot from a Big Sur USB installer to reinstall macOS twice as fast!
The video above shows you how to factory restore / erase your Apple Silicon Mac and reinstall macOS.
First line of defense, is macOS Recovery.
2. Apple Silicon System Recovery
Apple Silicon System Recovery is a new hidden recovery option in addition to macOS Recovery. If for some reason macOS Recovery becomes corrupt, System recovery will load which is the same as macOS recovery. You can use it to reinstall macOS and macOS Recovery.
3. Both macOS Recovery and System Recovery are not available?
If something serious goes wrong with your Mac and it can’t boot into macOS you will see a new startup screen. (The blinking folder icon has been retired). You will now see a screen like this
Apple Silicon Startup problems – Prohibited sign – Credit Martin Nobel – https://twitter.com/martinnobel_/status/1321645315502432256
This screen has a new Apple Support URL support.apple.com/mac/restore which will tell you that you need to restore macOS firmware via Apple Configurator 2 and a 2nd mac running 10.15.6 or newer. Restoration will now work the same on the Mac as it does on iOS iPhones and iPads.
4. Apple Silicon External Boot Options – USB Installer
On Apple Silicon external boot remains, but has changed.
External Boot for the macOS installer is now enabled by default
You no longer need to enter Security Options to enable External Boot!
Now you can build out an USB Installer of macOS Big Sur and boot your Apple Silicon Mac to it.
https://youtu.be/dQCp-rQlZuY
Mr. Macintosh Video on how to create a macOS Big Sur USB Install Disk for Apple Silicon or Intel.
https://youtu.be/2iNDe2zAJyg
Mr. Macintosh Video on how to use a USB Installer to reinstall macOS on Apple Silicon!You can now boot a USB macOS installer without enabling external boot in Security options! It’s enabled by default.
5. How to Use Apple Configurator 2 to reinstall macOS on Apple Silicon
If all options to reinstall macOS fail you can now use Apple Configurator 2.
1. Revive = Will restore macOS Recovery Only. (User data remains)
2. Restore = Will will download macOS and macOS recovery and reinstall them (THIS WILL ALSO ERASE YOUR HARD DRIVE)
This will help with rapid deployment in lab / school situations.
My Mac T2 BridgeOS Restore article will show you this process. It has not changed except for one thing. In the future the “RESTORE” option will automatically download the newest macOS ISPW file for you and install it. For now you will need to download it and and drag it over to the DFU icon.
Mr. Macintosh quick overview video on how to boot your Apple Silicon Mac to DFU mode. I will also show you how to reinstall macOS in 10 minutes with Apple Configurator 2 and a 2nd Mac.
How to reinstall macOS on a M1 Mac Mini UPDATED VIDEO!
Mr. Macintosh Deep Dive video that goes over the entire process and explains how the enter DFU and Apple Configurator 2 works + Troubleshooting!
How to install macOS on multiple Apple Silicon M1 Macs in about 10 minutes!
I’ve also written an article that goes over the entire new DFU + Apple Configurator 2 Apple Silicon Restore process below.
1.Full Security = “iOS Security” – Only the latest signed version of macOS can be installed on an Apple Silicon Mac.
Full Security
Ensures that only your current OS, or signed operating system software currently trusted by Apple, can run. This mode requires a network connection at software installation time.
WWDC 2020
2. Reduced Security = Any version of macOS that was signed by Apple.
Reduced Security
Allows any version of signed operating system software ever trusted by Apple to run.
WWDC 2020
With the new Apple Silicon Security Policy, you can set a security policy for each container! On an Intel based Mac the security policy would be set on the entire system.
New Apple Silicon Security Policy can be set differently on each container.
7. Apple Silicon Compatible Versions of macOS
Will you be able to install older versions of macOS? A quick review;
Full Security = iOS based security, only the latest signed version of macOS can run on the system.
Reduced Security = Any version of macOS that was signed by Apple can run on Apple Silicon
Note: The shipping OS version will be the oldest OS available to install
8. Can I downgrade macOS on Apple Silicon?
Yes!
Note. The “Shipping version” of macOS on Apple Silicon is the lowest OS that can be installed. An example of this is the M1 iMac which came with 11.3. You can not install Big Sur 11.2 on it.
9. Where can I get macOS ISPW Firmware files?
I started a new database page that will keep track of all macOS Apple Silicone IPSW Firmware files.
Starting with Apple Silicon, macOS OTA (Over The Air) Firmware will be signed by Apple. This means that they control which version of macOS can be installed on your Mac. The difference this time around is that Apple gives us the option to turn Signed Checking OFF. So you will still be able to install older versions of macOS.
Apple Silicon macOS Big Sur IPSW Firmware Restore File Database
How to download Apple Silicon M1 macOS IPSW Restore Files. You can use them with Apple Configurator 2 and a 2nd Mac for quick restores.
UPDATED: 11/19/24
With the introduction of the new Apple Silicon M1 Mac, you can now reinstall macOS with Apple Configurator 2 and IPSW files just like iOS! This page is a database of all macOS IPSW Files. The macOS ISPW firmware files database will be updated when new updates are released.
Table of Contents
1.macOS Sequoia Final IPSW Firmware files
2. macOS Sonoma Final IPSW Firmware files
3. macOS Ventura Final IPSW Firmware files
4. macOS Monterey Final IPSW Firmware Files
5. macOS Big Sur Final IPSW Firmware Files
6. macOS Sequoia Beta IPSW Firmware files
7. macOS Sonoma Beta IPSW Firmware files
8. macOS Ventura Beta IPSW Firmware Files
9. macOS Monterey Beta IPSW Firmware Files
10. macOS Big Sur Beta IPSW Firmware Files
All download links are directly from Apple’s SUS Server.
For more information on how to reinstall macOS on your Apple Silicon Mac, I’ve written an article that goes over everything you need to know!
Mac Transition to Apple Silicon – Everything you Need to Know!
Apple Silicon Macs will be here soon!
Apple said the first Apple Silicon Mac will launch before the end of 2020. The launch date is quickly approaching, now is the time to get up to speed! I will be following my “Everything you need to know” format from my previous articles.
This article will be updated as new Apple Siliconinformation comes in.
The feedback that I’ve received from these has been really great. The big takeaway is that everyone really likes how all the information is all in one place. You are not wasting time looking for that one article, command or link.
NOTE: Everything in this article is public knowledge from Apple. Once the first Apple Silicon Mac ships, I will post more in depth articles.
Apple Silicon changes the way in which we enter recovery on the Mac. In the past, we had to remember multiple keyboard commands. On Apple Silicon, all you need to do is hold down the power button. In a few seconds, you will see the new Apple Silicon Startup Manager.
7. How to use the new start manager on Apple Silicon
To enter Apple Silicon Startup manager follow these steps.
1. Hold down the power button
2. You will see the message “Continue holding for startup options”
3. The next message will say “Loading Startup Options…”
4. You will now see the new Apple Silicon Startup Manager.
Apple Silicon Mac Startup Manager Options
The startup manager will show you the main boot disk (Macintosh HD) Boot icon and Recovery Options. Click “Options” to boot into macOS Recovery.
8. Internet Recovery is dead on Apple Silicon
Have you had trouble booting into Internet Recovery in the past? You are not alone. Now with Apple Silicon, Internet recovery is officially retired. It will still remain for Intel based Macs. For Apple Silicon we now have 3 different ways to reinstall macOS.
1. macOS Recovery = First line of recovery.
2. System Recovery = Hidden partition for when normal macOS recovery is not available.
3. macOS System Restore via DFU mode + Apple Configurator 2.
9. Apple Silicon macOS Recovery
Apple Silicon macOS Recovery is almost exactly the same as it is on Intel Based Macs. The only difference is Security Policy options was moved from the Menu bar to the “Startup Disk”.
First line of defense, is macOS Recovery.
10. Apple Silicon System Recovery
Apple Silicon System Recovery is a new hidden recovery option in addition to macOS Recovery. If for some reason macOS Recovery becomes corrupt, System recovery will load which is the same as macOS recovery. You can use it to reinstall macOS and macOS Recovery.
System Recovery is a hidden non deletable container. It’s a new way to reinstall macOS when recovery is not available.
11. Both macOS Recovery and System Recovery are not available?
The blinking folder icon is now retired. If the Mac is not bootable, you will now see an old friend.
The sad Mac returns when Macintosh HD, Recovery and System recovery are not available.
12. Apple Silicon External Boot Options – USB Installer
On Apple Silicon external boot remains, but has changed.
External Boot for the macOS installer is now enabled by default
You no longer need to enter Security Options to enable External Boot!
You can build out a USB Installer of macOS Big Sur and boot your Apple Silicon Mac to it. The big difference that ONLY the installer is available for a reinstall of the OS. You can NOT erase the drive in this mode.
You can now boot a USB macOS installer without enabling external boot in Security options! It’s enabled by default.
13. How to Use Apple Configurator 2 to reinstall macOS on Apple Silicon
If all options to reinstall macOS fail you can now use Apple Configurator 2.
This will help with rapid deployment in lab / school situations.
14. Apple Silicon Security Policy
We know that an Apple Silicon Mac will have 2 Security modes.
Apple Silicon Security Policy menu
1.Full Security = “iOS Security” – Only the latest signed version of macOS can be installed on an Apple Silicon Mac.
Full Security
Ensures that only your current OS, or signed operating system software currently trusted by Apple, can run. This mode requires a network connection at software installation time.
WWDC 2020
2. Reduced Security = Any version of macOS that was signed by Apple.
Reduced Security
Allows any version of signed operating system software ever trusted by Apple to run.
WWDC 2020
With the new Apple Silicon Security Policy, you can set a security policy for each container! On an Intel based Mac the security policy would be set on the entire system.
New Apple Silicon Security Policy can be set differently on each container.
15. Apple Silicon Compatible Versions of macOS
Will you be able to install older versions of macOS? A quick review;
Full Security = iOS based security, only the latest signed version of macOS can run on the system.
Reduced Security = Any version of macOS that was signed by Apple can run on Apple Silicon
Note: The shipping OS version will be the oldest OS available to install.
16. Can I downgrade macOS on Apple Silicon?
Yes! But only with your Apple Silicon Security Policy set to “Reduced Security”.
17. How to use SMB Mac Sharing Mode (Replaces Target Disk Mode – TDM)
Target Disk Mode has been retired on Apple Silicon. It was replaced with Apple Silicon Mac Sharing Mode.
Boot to macOS recovery and then select “Mac Sharing Mode” you will be able to transfer data over USB-C cable. You will need to authenticate with a SecureToken User that is on the host Mac.
Mac Sharing MOde replaces Target Disk Mode.
18. Apple Mac Mini Developer Transition Kit (DTK)
New Mac Developer Transition Kit with Apple Silicon, a comprehensive set of resources, and one-on-one technical support, you’ll have everything you need to get your Universal apps ready before Apple Silicon Macs become available to customers.– developer.apple.com/programs/universal/
Universal App Quick Start Program – Get your Universal apps ready. The Universal App Quick Start Program includes all the tools, resources, and support you need to build, test, and optimize your next-generation Universal apps for macOS Big Sur. – developer.apple.com/programs/universal/apply/
5. What’s New for Enterprise and Education WWDC 2020 June 2020 (v1.0) (AppleSeed Account Required)– appleseed.apple.com
6. AppleSeed – macOS 11.0 Big Sur Beta Release Notes(AppleSeed Account Required) – appleseed.apple.com
23. WWDC20 Video Links
Port your Mac app to Apple Silicon – Your porting questions, answered: Learn how to recompile your macOS app for Apple Silicon Macs and build universal apps that launch faster, have better performance, and support the future of the platform. We’ll show you how Xcode makes it simple to build a universal macOS binary.developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10214/
What’s new in managing Apple devices. – iOS, macOS, tvOS We’ve made significant strides in bringing crucial device management features to macOS. Discover how these features can help you manage your all your devices using the same tools and technologies. Get details on changes coming this year and how they will impact your deployment workflows– developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10639/
iPad and iPhone apps on Apple Silicon Macs. – Apple Silicon Macs can run many iPad and iPhone apps as-is, and these apps will be made available to users on the Mac through the Mac App Store. Discover how iPad and iPhone apps run on Apple Silicon Macs, and the factors that make your apps come across better.– developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10114/
Explore the new system architecture of Apple Silicon Macs – Discover how Macs with Apple Silicon will deliver modern advantages using Apple’s System-on-Chip (SoC) architecture. Leveraging a unified memory architecture for CPU and GPU tasks, Mac apps will see amazing performance benefits. developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2020/10686/
24. MacAdmin Blog Links
This list is specifically for MacAdmins. This will be an ongoing list of articles and posts that will help you learn the latest 11.0 changes.
If you install Security Update 2020-005 for Mojave, you could run into major issues!
Multiple reports are coming in from users who are starting to have major problems after installing the latest Mojave 2020-005 Security Update.
UPDATE #8 – 10/01 10:00PM –Apple has just released a fix and I’ve just finished an article going over all the details. I tried to test and figure out every scenario that you might be in, so you know exactly what will happen.
UPDATE #5 – 9/28 7:30PM – I have added 3 new sections below. The first one shows you how to ignore the Mojave 2020-005 Security Update. The second will show you a very quick way to find out if your Mac is affected by this issue. In the 3rd, I will show you 4 different install scenarios. We now know the issue only happens if you install Safari 14.0 first, then install the 2020-005 update after. An example of a Mac that would unaffected by this issue would be if you installed the 2020-005 Security Update first, then the Safari 14.0 update after.
UPDATE #4 – 9/28 12:30PM – I have reproduced the install problem flow Please read section #5 below for more info. You can install the Mojave 2020-005 Security update WITHOUT Safari 14.0 and not have any issues. You can even Install Safari 14.0 after and not have any issues. It’s only when you install Safari 14.0 first then install 2020-005 after when the problems start! I will continue to test this and post updates.
UPDATE #3 – 9/28 11:30AM – After running some more tests, Safari 14.0 could be one of the problems. The next test performed was to build a fresh 10.14.6 Mac and install only the 2020-005 Security Update = No problems. I then installed Safari 14.0 = No problems. Then I reinstalled 2020-005 again = All Problems are back!!! I am going to check the order, maybe if Safari 14.0 is being installed first with softwareupdate this could be part of the problem. I am going to continue to test to find out more.
9/27
UPDATE #2 – 9/27 5:00PM – I am keeping an eye on Apple’s Software Update Server to see if they pull the update. I will update if they do.
UPDATE #1 – 9/27 3:30PM – A few users have asked if they can install the 2020-004 update over the 2020-005 update. They mentioned being able to do this in the past. Usually you can’t go backwards using Apple’s .pkg installers. I tested this out and sure enough, the installer says that a newer version of this update is installed. Apple didn’t design the installers to undo newer security updates. This is unlike the full .app installer which can replace all OS level files.
This article will include will be continually updated with the latest information on this issue.
I have some workarounds and fixes that could help you if you already installed the Mojave 2020-005 Security Update.
macOS Mojave 2020-005 Security Update Causing Major Problems Mr. Macintosh Video.
Past macOS Security Update Issues
This is not the first time that I’ve reported on update issues. Below you can read a few of the major issues that I’ve written about.
3. How can I tell if my mac is affected by this issue?
4. How can I ignore this update in software update?
5. How to Reproduce – Install Order
5. User Reports
6. This time around the issue can be reproduced
7. Fix! Rolling back with Automatic Update Snapshots. (within 24 hours of install)
8. Workarounds
9. If you are seeing this issue, please let Apple know.
10. Mojave 2020-005 Security Update Issue Links
11. Hat Tip/Credits
1. Mojave 2020-005 Security Update Problems
What are the reported problems with this update?
1. Memory issues – Reports of large increases of memory usage = no free memory and a large amount of compressed memory.
2. Slow boot & High fan speed
3. System slowness / stalling in finder
4. New local user can not be created through Users & Groups.
5. Migration assistant crashes to login window when started.
6. Large amounts of system.log entries – Class asn1SetToken is implemented in both /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/StoreServices.framework/Versions/A/StoreServices
7. Errors when using tmutil localsnapshot /
8. Error when running softwareupdate -l (not sure if it causes any issues with the softwareupdate binary)
9. System locks up in Desktop & Screen Saver > Screen Saver when trying to select a picture type screen saver.
10. WindowServer Process using 4 times amount of memory. Should be anywhere between 40-125MB after the update it jumps to 400MB
11. cDock 4 – Dock customization app becomes unusable.
12. Menu bar sometimes does not change after switching from applications back to the finder.
1. Affected Safari & macOS Build Versions
This issue affects the following Safari & macOS Build Versions.
Safari 14.0 – September 16th, 2020
Mojave 10.14.6 Security Update 2020-005 (18G6032) – September 24th, 2020
No reports so far of this happening on macOS High Sierra 10.13.
2. Affected Mac Hardware
Past problems would only happen with certain hardware models. Not this time, if you installed the Mojave 2020-005 Security Update on a compatible Mac you might have problems.
3. How can I tell if my Mac is affected by this issue?
Very simple, just open up the terminal.app and run softwareupdate -l
If you get this error your Mac is affected.
Class AMSupportURLConnectionDelegate is implemented in both /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/EmbeddedOSInstall.framework/Versions/A/EmbeddedOSInstall (0x1130cec58) and /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/OSPersonalization.framework/Versions/A/OSPersonalization (0x112f31358). One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
4. How can I ignore this update in software update?
All you need to do is use the softwareupdate ignore option.
I discovered last night that on my Mojave test Mac that I couldn’t reproduce the issue even though I could on my 2nd test Mac. I realized that I only installed the 2020-005 Security update and NOT the Safari 14.0 update. This is when I restored back to the previous snapshot and tried again. For the next test, I let software update install both updates. Safari 14.0 was first then 2020-005, after the reboot I had the problem. Let’s go over a few of the install scenarios below.
Scenario #1 How to install both Updates and be affected by the issue.
1. 10.14.6 (18G103) Base Install
2. Use software update to install both Safari 14.0 and 2020-005 Updates
3. After the restart = You will have the problem.
Scenario #2 You installed Safari 14.0 as soon as it came out on 9/16
1. 10.14.6 (18G103) Base Install
2. Install Security Update 2020-005 + Reboot = You will have the problem
Scenario #3 How you can install both updates with NO PROBLEMS
1. 10.14.6 (18G103) Base Install
2. Install Security Update 2020-005 ONLY + Reboot = No Problem
3. Now Install Safari 14.0 = No Problem
Scenario #4 How you can install both updates with in the correct order and still have the problem
1. 10.14.6 (18G103) Base Install
2. Install Security Update 2020-005 ONLY + Reboot = No Problem
3. Now Install Safari 14.0 = No Problem
4. Install Security Update 2020-005 AGAIN + Reboot = You will have the problem (NOTE: the same problem happens if you use the 2020-004 installer in this step)
3. User Reports.
The first report came in on Thursday, just 4 hours after Apple released the Mojave 2020-005 Security Update.
Is anyone getting really low free RAM after applying this update? Activity Monitor says I have 12GB of RAM used right after I launch it after logging in.
I applied the 2020-005 Security Update today to my MacBook Pro running Mojave (10.14.6) and after it restarted, I started experiencing problems. The first and most obvious is the Dock crashes repeatedly. I have also noticed that when running applications, the menu bar does not display the app’s menus, but stays showing Finder menus. I downloaded the .dmg file with the updater on it and applied it again, thinking perhaps something went amiss the first time, but it did not resolve the issue.
After doing this job for many years, I get an sense when things are starting to become an issue. Just to be sure, I always wait for more reports and attempt to reproduce the issues myself before reporting.
Additionally, boot time is slower, logging in is slower and when doing so I’m met with a blank desktop which needs 7-8 seconds before icons finally appear. Everything feels sluggish, and applications also take more than twice as long to start up.
After reading multiple reports I felt that it was time me to take a closer look. Sure enough, more users have started to report the same issues.
4. This time around the issues can be reproduced
When issues like this have come up in the past, I might not be able to reproduce them. I have to go purely on user reports, which at times can be tough. I want to make sure the reporting is very accurate. Especially when I am recommending that users not install a security update. This time around is different, I have tested the update on multiple Macs and can reproduce most of the issues. I also found a few that have not been reported on the forums or twitter.
5. A Fix! Rolling back with Automatic Update Snapshots. (within 24 hours of install)
Do you have time machine backups?
If you do, just restore and you are good to go! Now would be a good time to start. If not keep reading.
Automatic Update Snapshots was introduced as a feature in macOS High Sierra. You can read about them below. This was one of the best features that Apple has ever added to macOS. Sadly they only work for 10.13 and 10.14 Security Updates and not 10.15 Catalina Combo Updates.
Automatic Update Snapshots could save you, if you installed the Mojave 2020-005 Security Update in the last 24 hours. That’s the problem with tmutil localsnapshots they only last 24 hours!!! So if you installed the update you might still be able to roll back to the previous Mojave Security Update 2020-004 (18G6020).
Steps to restore from an Automatic Update Snapshot.
Reboot to recovery. Hold down Command R
Once in recovery select “Restore from Time Machine Backup”
On the next screen select “Macintosh HD”. If your Mac is filevault encrypted you will be asked for your password.
On the next screen, if you have a snapshot available it will look like this.
If you have an automatic update snapshot available, this is what it will look like.
5. Select it and hit continue! Your Mac will now restore back to the snapshot taken just before the 2020-005 Security Update was installed.
But what if 24 hours has past since you installed the update? Keep reading below.
6. Workarounds
If you don’t have an Automatic Update Snapshot available, hopefully one of the following options will help you.
Upgrade to Catalina. This was recommended by Apple Support. If don’t want to upgrade to Catalina yet, scroll down to option #2.
We’d like to see how we can help. We recommend upgrading to the latest macOS Catalina by following the steps in this link: https://t.co/cCbnQHhGBJ
This workaround will reinstall macOS Mojave 10.14.6 (18G103) and you will be able to keep all your files and applications. All you need to do is download the Mojave Full installer from the App Store and reinstall. To keep your Mac protected, you can install Security Update 2020-004 and not have any issues.
You can also perform an erase and install if you have all your files backed up.
@AppleSupport@havertyj@vitahallo We operate a fleet of about 350 Macs, and are seeing issues with extreme stalling after Security-Update 2020-005 and 10.15.7. Not all of our machines, but enough that it concerns me. Standard troubleshooting has not helped… any news or help?
@Apple I installed the 2020-005 Security Update for my MacBook Air and now the computer is super slow, has no free memory left even when it just booted up, and it takes ages to start up programs. Can you give me instructions on how to uninstall the update?
@AppleSupport The newest security update for Mojave—2020-005 10.14.6—slowed my computer to a crawl and caused nearly constant freezes. I had to roll-back to a previous version. It's a late 2015 27-inch iMac, serial C02SH3TBGG7J
Multiple Hat tips go out to my website and twitter followers for reporting the issue to me so I could take a closer look. Special thanks to Hyram Hakkenbecker for double-checking my articles for any grammar issues that sneak past!
What is the minimum and maximum macOS Version my Mac can run?
Do you need to downgrade or upgrade macOS on your Mac? This page will show you the oldest and newest version of macOS that you can install on your Mac.
Can I upgrade or downgrade macOS? How many times has this question come up over the years? Probably hundreds if not thousands of times. Mac Hardware has a minimum and maximum version of macOS that can be installed. MacOS versions that come before or after the minimum and maximum listed OS do not have the correct drivers required. At a certain point Apple will decide that a Mac is no longer supported and will not include drivers.
Internet Recovery Version
If your Mac supports Internet Recovery, you can use this guide to find out which version of macOS you will get using the following options.
Newest OS – Option-⌘-R
This option will be the newest or latest version of macOS that can be installed on your Mac.
Shipping OS (Oldest OS Available) – Shift-Option-⌘-R
The “Shipping OS Version” is the macOS version that your Mac originally shipped with from the factory. This is the IR Version that you will see if you use Shift-Option-⌘-R.
NOTE! The “Shipping OS can change to a newer OS release as the hardware gets older. An example of this is a MacBook Pro released with 10.13 but later is shipped with 10.14.
Fun Hardware Info
As of 5/1/321, Apple has released over 150 different Intel Model Identifiers.
MacBook1,1 (13-inch Core Duo 2006) – 10.4.6 – 10.6.8 = 3 OS Versions
Updates
In the future when Apple releases new hardware or OS, I will update this page. You can keep track of future updates from my Twitter Account @ClassicII_MrMac using the hashtag –
#UpgradeorDowngradeMacOS
Index of Intel-Based Mac Hardware From (2006-2020)
1. MacBook Pro – (2006-2020)
2. MacBook Air – (2008-2020)
3. MacBook – (2006-2017)
4. Mac Pro – (2006-2019)
5. iMac – (2006-2020)
6. iMac Pro – (2017)
7. Mac Mini – (2006-2018)
8. Xserve – (2006-2009)
1. MacBook Pro (2006-2020)
The MacBook Pro was introduced by Steve Jobs at Macworld Conference & Expo on January 10th, 2006. The MacBook Pro has seen five redesigns over the last 15 years. Starting with Gen 1 (2006-2008), Gen 2 Unibody (2008-2012), Gen 3 Retina (2012-2015), Gen 4 Touch Bar (2016-2019) & Gen 5 16″ Scissor (2019).
Model Identifier
Machine Model
T1 T2
Ship OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
MacBookPro16,2
(13-inch 2020)
T2
10.15.4
10.15 >
11.0 >
MacBookPro16,2
(13-inch 2020)
T2
10.15.4
10.15 >
11.0 >
MacBookPro16,1
(16-inch Late 2019)
T2
10.15.1
10.15 >
11.0 >
MacBookPro15,4
(13-inch Mid 2019)
T2
10.14.5
10.14.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro15,1
(15-inch 2019)
T2
10.14.5
10.14.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro15,3
(15-inch 2019 Vega)
T2
10.14.5
10.14.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro15,3
(15″ Mid 2018 Vega)
T2
10.14.1
10.14.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro15,2
(13-inch Mid 2018)
T2
10.13.6
10.13.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro15,1
(15-inch Mid 2018)
T2
10.13.6
10.13.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro14,3
(15-inch Mid 2017)
T1
10.12.5
10.12.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro14,2
(13-inch Mid 2017)
T1
10.12.5
10.12.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro14,1
(13-inch Mid 2017)
T1
10.12.5
10.12.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro13,3
(15-inch Late 2016)
T1
10.12.1
10.12.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro13,2
(13-inch Late 2016)
T1
10.12.1
10.12.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro13,1
(15-inch Late 2016)
T1
10.12.1
10.12.6
11.0 >
MacBookPro11,5
(15-inch Mid 2015)
10.10.3
10.10.5
11.0 >
MacBookPro11,4
(15-inch Mid 2015)
10.10.3
10.10.5
11.0 >
MacBookPro12,1
(13-inch Early 2015)
10.10.2
10.10.5
11.0 >
MacBookPro11,3
(15-inch Mid 2014)
10.9.4
10.9.5
11.0 >
MacBookPro11,2
(15-inch Late 2013)
10.9.0
10.9.5
11.0 >
MacBookPro11,1
(13-inch Late 2013)
10.9.0
10.9.5
11.0 >
MacBookPro10,2
(13-inch Early 2013)
10.8.2
10.8.5
10.15 >
MacBookPro10,1
(15-inch Early 2013)
10.8.2
10.8.5
10.15 >
MacBookPro10,2
(13-inch Ret 2012)
10.7.4
10.7.5
10.15 >
MacBookPro10.1
(15-inch Ret 2012)
10.7.4
10.7.5
10.15 >
MacBookPro9,2
(13-inch Mid 2012)
10.7.3
10.7.5
10.15 >
MacBookPro9,1
(15-inch Mid 2012)
10.7.3
10.7.5
10.15 >
MacBookPro8,3
(17-inch Late 2011)
10.7.2
10.7.5
10.13.6
MacBookPro8,2
(15-inch Late 2011)
10.7.2
10.7.5
10.13.6
MacBookPro8,1
(13-inch Late 2011)
10.7.2
10.7.5
10.13.6
MacBookPro8,3
(17-inch Early 2011)
10.6.6
10.6.6*
10.13.6
MacBookPro8,2
(15-inch Early 2011)
10.6.6
10.6.6*
10.13.6
MacBookPro8,1
(13-inch Early 2011)
10.6.6
10.6.6*
10.13.6
MacBookPro7,1
(13-inch Mid 2010)
10.6.3
10.6.3*
10.13.6
MacBookPro6,2
(15-inch Mid 2010)
10.6.3
10.6.3*
10.13.6
MacBookPro6,1
(17-inch Early 2010)
10.6.3
10.6.3*
10.12.6
MacBookPro5,5
(13-inch Mid 2009)
10.5.7
10.5.7*
10.11.6
MacBookPro5,4
(15-inch Mid 2009)
10.5.7
10.5.7*
10.11.6
MacBookPro5,3
(15-inch Mid 2009)
10.5.7
10.5.7*
10.11.6
MacBookPro5,2
(17-inch Early 2009)
10.5.6
10.5.6*
10.11.6
MacBookPro5,1
(15-inch Late 2008)
10.5.5
10.5.5*
10.11.6
MacBookPro5,1
(17-inch Late 2008)
10.5.5
10.5.5*
10.11.6
MacBookPro4,1
(15-inch Early 2008)
10.5.2
10.5.2*
10.11.6
MacBookPro4,1
(17-inch Early 2008)
10.5.2
10.5.2*
10.11.6
MacBookPro3,1
(15-inch Late 2007)
10.4.9
10.4.9*
10.11.6
MacBookPro3,1
(17-inch Late 2007)
10.4.9
10.4.9*
10.11.6
MacBookPro2,2
(15-inch Late 2006)
10.4.8
10.4.8*
10.7.5
MacBookPro2,1
(17-inch Late 2006)
10.4.8
10.4.8*
10.7.5
MacBookPro1,2
(17-inch 2006)
10.4.5
10.4.5*
10.6.8
MacBookPro1,1
(15-inch 2006)
10.4.5
10.4.5*
10.6.8
*Available on
Reinstall DVD or CD
2. MacBook Air (2008-2020)
The MacBook Air was first introduced at Macworld San Fransisco by Steve Jobs on January 15th, 2008. For the 1st Generation from 2008-2010 the screen size was or a 13.3″ and included a Intel Core 2 Duo Processor. The Second Generation introduced in 2010 added an 11″ version. From 2017 on you could only get the 13″ Model. The 3rd Generation 13-inch MacBook Air was released in 2018.
Model Identifier
Machine Model
T1 T2
Ship OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
MacBookAir9,1
(Retina, 13-inch, 2020)
T2
10.15.3
10.15>
10.15>
MacBookAir8,2
(Retina, 13-inch, 2019)
T2
10.14.5
10.14.6
10.15>
MacBookAir8,1
(Retina, 13-inch, 2018)
T2
10.14.1
10.14.6
10.15>
MacBookAir7,2
(Mid 2017)
10.12.6
10.12.6
10.15>
MacBookAir7,2
(13-inch Early 2015)
10.10.2
10.10.5
10.15>
MacBookAir7,1
(11-inch Early 2015)
10.10.2
10.10.5
10.15>
MacBookAir6,2
(13-inch Early 2014)
10.10.2
10.10.5
10.15>
MacBookAir6,1
(11-inch Mid 2013)
10.8.4
10.8.5
10.15 >
MacBookAir6,2
(13-inch Mid 2013 )
10.8.4
10.8.5
10.15 >
MacBookAir6,1
(11-inch Mid 2012)
10.7.4
10.7.5
10.15 >
MacBookAir5,2
(13″ EDU Mid 2012)
10.8.2
10.8.5
10.15 >
MacBookAir5,2
13-inch Mid 2012)
10.7.4
10.7.4*
10.15>
MacBookAir5,1
(11-inch Mid 2012)
10.7.4
10.7.4*
10.15 >
MacBookAir4,2
(13″ EDU Mid 2012)
10.7.3
10.7.4*
10.15 >
MacBookAir4,1
(11-inch Mid 2012)
10.7
10.7.4*
10.15 >
MacBookAir3,2
(13-inch Late 2010)
10.6.4
10.6.4*
10.13.6
MacBookAir3,1
(11-inch Late 2010)
10.6.4
10.6.4*
10.13.6
MacBookAir2,1
(13-inch Mid 2009)
10.5.7
10.5.7
10.11.6
MacBookAir2,1
(13-inch Late 2008)
10.5.5
10.5.5
10.11.6
MacBookAir1,1
(13-inch Early 2008)
10.5.1
10.5.1
10.11.6
*USB Installer
3. MacBook – (2006-2017)
This Section covers the original 2006 13-inch MacBook all the way to the 2017 12″ Version. The MacBook has seen 4 different designs since 2006. Gen 1 Polycarbonate (2006-2008), Gen 2 Aluminum Unibody (2008-2009). Gen 3 Polycarbonate Unibody (2009-2010) & Gen 4 12″ USB-C (2015-2017).
Model Identifier
Machine Model
Ship OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
MacBook10,1
(Mid 2017)
10.12.5
10.12.6
10.15 >
MacBook9,1
(Early 2016)
10.11.4
10.11.6
10.15 >
MacBook8,1
(Early 2015)
10.10.2
10.10.6
10.15 >
MacBook7,1
(Unibody Mid 2010)
10.6.3
10.6.3 DVD
10.11.6
MacBook6,1
(Unibody Late 2009)
10.6.1
10.6.1 DVD
10.13.6
MacBook5,2
(White Mid 2009)
10.5.7
10.5.7 DVD
10.11.6
MacBook5,2
(13-inch C2D Early 2009)
10.5.6
10.5.6 DVD
10.11.6
MacBook5,1
(13-inch C2D Late 2008 Aluminum)
10.5.5
10.5.5 DVD
10.11.6
MacBook4,1
(13-inch C2D Early 2008)
10.5.2
10.5.2 DVD
10.7.5
MacBook3,1
(13-inch C2D Late 2007)
10.5
10.5 DVD
10.7.5
MacBook2,1
(13-inch C2D Mid 2007)
10.4.9
10.4.9 DVD
10.7.5
MacBook2,1
(13-inch C2D Late 2006)
10.4.8
10.4.8 DVD
10.7.5
MacBook1,1
(13-inch Core Duo 2006)
10.4.6
10.4.6 DVD
10.6.8
4. Mac Pro – (2006-2019)
The Mac Pro was first introduced at WWDC on August 7, 2006. It has seen 3 Generations from 2006-2019. Gen 1 “Cheese Grater” V1 (2006-2012), Gen 2 “Trash Can” (2013) & Gen 3 “Cheese Grater” V2 (2019).
Model Identifier
Machine Model
T1 T2
Ship OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
MacPro7,1
(2019)
T2
10.5.1
10.15 >
10.15 >
MacPro6,1
(Late 2013)
NA
10.9.1
10.9.5
10.15 >
MacPro5,1
(2012 Server)
NA
10.7.4
10.7.5
10.14.6*
MacPro5,1
(Mid 2010)
NA
10.6.4
10.6.4 DVD
10.14.6*
MacPro4,1
(Nehalem 2009)
NA
10.5.6
10.6.6 DVD
10.11.6
MacPro3,1
(Eight Core 2008)
NA
10.5.1
10.5.1 DVD
10.11.6
MacPro2,1
(Eight Core 2007)
NA
10.4.9
10.4.9 DVD
10.7.5
MacPro1,1
(Quad Core 2006)
NA
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.7.5
*Metal Graphics
Video Card Required
5. iMac – (2006-2019)
The iMac was first introduced at an Apple Special Event at the Flint Center, Cupertino on May 6, 1998 by Steve Jobs. The First Intel Based iMac was introduced at Macworld Conference and Expo on January 10, 2006 by Steve Jobs. It has seen seven different designs since 1998.
Model Identifier
Machine Model
Ship OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
iMac20,2
(5K, 2020; 5700/XT)
10.15.6
10.15.6
10.15>
iMac20,1
(27-Inch 5K, 2020)
10.15.6
10.15.6
10.15>
iMac19,2
(21.5-Inch 4k, 2019)
10.14.4
10.14.6
10.15 >
iMac19,1
(27-Inch 5k, 2019)
10.14.4
10.14.6
10.15 >
iMac18,3
(27-Inch 5k Mid-2017)
10.12.4
10.12.6
10.15 >
iMac18,2
(21.5-Inch 4k Mid-2017)
10.12.4
10.12.6
10.15 >
iMac18,1
(21.5-Inch Mid-2017)
10.12.4
10.12.6
10.15 >
iMac17,1
(27-Inch 5k, Late 2015)
10.11
10.11.6
10.15 >
iMac16,2
(21.5-Inch 4k. Late 2015)
10.11
10.11.6
10.15 >
iMac16,2
(21.5-Inch Late 2015)
10.11
10.11.6
10.15 >
iMac16,1
(21.5-Inch Late 2015)
10.11
10.11.6
10.15 >
iMac15,1
(27-Inch 5K, Mid-2015)
10.10.2
10.10.5
10.15 >
iMac15,1
(27-Inch 5k, Late 2014)
10.10
10.10.5
10.15 >
iMac14,4
(21.5-inch Mid 2014)
10.9.3
10.9.5
10.15 >
iMac14,3
(21.5-inch Late 2013)
10.8.4
10.8.5
10.15 >
iMac14,2
(27-inch Late 2013)
10.8.4
10.8.5
10.15 >
iMac14,1
(21.5-inch Late 2013)
10.8.4
10.8.5
10.15 >
iMac13,2
(27-Inch Late 2012)
10.8.2
10.8.5
10.15 >
iMac13,1
(21.5-inch Late 2012)
10.8.2
10.8.5
10.15 >
iMac12,1
(21.5-inch Late 2011)
10.7.2
10.7.5
10.13.6
iMac12,2
(27-inch Mid 2011)
10.6.6
10.6.6 DVD
10.13.6
iMac12,1
(21.5-inch Mid 2011)
10.6.6
10.6.6 DVD
10.13.6
iMac11,3
(27-inch Mid 2010)
10.6.3
10.6.3 DVD
10.13.6
iMac11,2
(21.5-inch Mid 2010)
10.6.3
10.6.3 DVD
10.13.6
iMac11,1
(27-inch Late 2009)
10.6.2
10.6.2 DVD
10.13.6
iMac10,1
(21.5-inch Late 2009)
10.6.1
10.6.1 DVD
10.13.6
iMac10,1
(27-inch Late 2009)
10.6.1
10.6.1 DVD
10.13.6
iMac9,1
(20-inch Mid 2009 EDU)
10.5.8
10.5.8 DVD
10.11.6
iMac9,1
(24-inch Early 2009)
10.5.6
10.5.6 DVD
10.11.6
iMac9,1
(20-inch Early 2009)
10.5.6
10.5.6 DVD
10.11.6
iMac8,1
(24-inch Early 2008)
10.5.2
10.5.2 DVD
10.11.6
iMac8,1
(20-inch Early 2008)
10.5.2
10.5.2 DVD
10.11.6
iMac7,1
(24-inch Mid 2007)
10.4.10
10.4.10 DVD
10.11.6
iMac7,1
(20-inch Mid 2007)
10.4.10
10.4.10 DVD
10.11.6
iMac6,1
(24-inch Late 2006)
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.7.5
iMac5,2
(17-inch Late 2006)
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.7.5
iMac5,1
(20-inch Late 2006)
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.7.5
iMac5,1
(17-inch Late 2006)
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.7.5
iMac4,2
(17-inch Mid 2006)
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.6.8
iMac4,1
(20-inch Early 2006)
10.4.4
10.4.4 DVD
10.6.8
iMac4,1
(17-inch Early 2006)
10.4.4
10.4.4 DVD
10.6.8
6. iMac Pro (2018)
The iMac Pro was introduced at WWDC on June 5, 2017.
Model Identifier
Machine Model
T2
Ship OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
iMacPro1,1
(5k, 27-inch Late 2017)
T2
10.13.2
10.13.6
10.15 >
7. Mac Mini – (2006 -2018)
On January 10, 2005, the Mac mini was announced at the Macworld Conference & Expo by Steve Jobs. He said at the time the Mac Mini was “the cheapest, most affordable Mac ever”. The Intel Version was announced on February 28, 2006.
Model Identifier
Machine Model
T1 T2
Shipping OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
Macmini8,1
(Late 2018)
T2
10.14
10.14.6
10.15 >
Macmini7,1
(Late 2014)
NA
10.10
10.10.5
10.15 >
Macmini6,2
(Late 2012 Server)
NA
10.8.2
10.8.5
10.15 >
Macmini6,2
(Late 2012)
NA
10.8.1
10.8.5
10.15 >
Macmini6,1
(Late 2012)
NA
10.8.1
10.8.5
10.15 >
Macmini5,3
(Mid 2011 Server)
NA
10.7
10.7.5
10.13.6
Macmini5,2
(Mid 2011)
NA
10.7
10.7.5
10.13.6
Macmini5,1
(Mid 2011)
NA
10.7
10.7.5
10.13.6
Macmini4,1
(Mid 2010 Server)
NA
10.6.4
10.6.4 DVD
10.13.6
Macmini4,1
(Mid 2010)
NA
10.6.4
10.6.4 DVD
10.13.6
Macmini3,1
(Late 2009 Server)
NA
10.6.1
10.6.1 DVD
10.11.6
Macmini3,1
(Late 2009)
NA
10.6.1
10.6.1 DVD
10.11.6
Macmini3,1
(Early 2009)
NA
10.5.6
10.5.6 DVD
10.11.6
Macmini2,1
(Mid 2007)
NA
10.4.10
10.4.10 DVD
10.7.5
Macmini1,1
(Late 2006)
NA
10.4.7
10.4.7 DVD
10.6.8
Macmini1,1
(Early 2006)
NA
10.4.5
10.4.5 DVD
10.6.8
8. Xserve – (2006-2009)
I almost forgot about Xserve. How could I forget about one of my favorite most reliable Macs ever created? The Xserve was introduced on May 14, 2002. The First Generation was based on a G4 Processor. The 2nd Generation was based on the G5 and the 3rd and final Generation was based on Intel’s Xeon Processor.
Model Identifier
Machine Model
Shipping OS
Oldest OS
Latest OS
Xserve3,1
(Quad Core Early 2009)
10.5.6 Server
10.5.6 Server DVD
10.11.6
Xserve2,1
(Eight Core Early 2008)
10.5 Server
10.5.0 Server DVD
10.7.5
Xserve1,1
(Quad Core Late 2006)
10.4.8 Server
10.4.8 Server DVD
10.7.5
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